THE INFLUENCE OF GERMAN ARCHITECTURE IN LATE ART NOUVEAU INTERIORS IN RĪGA

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Resumo

O vídeo do AzLab#73 “The Influence of German Architecture in Late Art Nouveau Interiors in Rīga” já está disponível, em versão editada, no canal do YouTube da Rede de Investigação em Azulejo. Se não assistiu em directo, tem agora a oportunidade de ver o vídeo. 

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Session overview

The video of the AzLab#73 “The Influence of German Architecture in Late Art Nouveau Interiors in Rīga” is now available, in an edited version, on the ​​Azulejo Research Network YouTube channel. If you did not watch it live, watch the video now! 

THE INFLUENCE OF GERMAN ARCHITECTURE IN LATE ART NOUVEAU INTERIORS IN RĪGA

16 de Fevereiro ​​de​ ​2022 |​ ​18h00​ [hora de Lisboa – UTC] ​|​ ​​plataforma Zoom [sessão em inglês]

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Já se inscreveu para o AzLab#73?

Pode fazê-lo através do Google forms ou por e-mail (indicando nome, endereço de e-mail e profissão/afiliação) para o endereço redeazulejo@letras.ulisboa.pt

Esperamos por si!

📌 NOTA: Uma vez agendada a sessão, cada participante receberá o link e uma password.

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February 16th, 2022 | 18h00 [Lisbon Time Zone – UTC] | via Zoom [session to be held in English]

Have you signed up for AzLab#73?

You can do this through Google forms or by e-mail to the following address redeazulejo@letras.ulisboa.pt including your name, e-mail address and profession/affiliation. 

📌 NOTE: Once the session is scheduled, each participant will receive the link and a password.

THE INFLUENCE OF GERMAN ARCHITECTURE IN LATE ART NOUVEAU INTERIORS IN RĪGA

16 de Fevereiro ​​de​ ​2022 ​|​ ​18h00[hora de Lisboa – UTC] ​|​ ​​plataforma Zoom [sessão em inglês]

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February 16th, 2022 | 18h00 [Lisbon Time Zone – UTC] | via Zoom [session to be held in English]

Abstract

At the end of the first decade of the 20th century there was a new building boom in Riga – just a few years before the First World War. From 1910 to 1913, an average of 150–220 multi-storey masonry rental buildings were built in Riga. It was the most productive period in the city’s history. The practising architects in Riga at that time were mostly local residents, many of them part of the new generation of professionals who graduated from Riga Polytechnical Institute. In the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of Riga’s Art Nouveau architects were Baltic Germans, among whom there were approximately ten Latvian architects. Konstantīns Pēkšēns (1859–1928), Eižens Laube (1880–1967), Aleksandrs Vanags (1873–1919) and others were active during this period.

Even though wall tiles were among the preferred polychromatic materials, used for the decoration of the vestibules of the new rental buildings, Riga’s Art Nouveau wall tiles have yet to be properly researched.  Many wall panels were damaged during the second half of the 20th century. Tiles are often the last remains of the vestibules’ original Art Nouveau interiors. All recorded wall tiles in Riga were imported and, in most cases, produced in Germany. Moreover, it is now known that Art Nouveau tiles were imported from a least nine different German tile factories. Since the wall tiles used for the decoration of vestibules were imported, the identity of the local distributors and their cooperation with the architecture studios are of special significance. Signature tiles, which have been preserved up to this day, can help to clarify these issues, as well as to locate the distributors and manufacturers.  

Examples of wall tiles that have survived to the present day indicate that typical neoclassical decorations were common in Riga – festoons and laurel wreaths. However, different flora and fauna motifs also occur, many of which designed during the Art Nouveau period. Late Art Nouveau wall tiles are a characteristic decoration material still found in many of Riga’s vestibules.

Agnese Tambaka | Doctoral student, Art Academy of Latvia |

THE INFLUENCE OF GERMAN ARCHITECTURE IN LATE ART NOUVEAU INTERIORS IN RĪGA

16 de Fevereiro ​​de​ ​2022 ​|​ ​18h00[hora de Lisboa – UTC] ​|​ ​​plataforma Zoom [sessão em inglês]

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February 16th, 2022 | 18h00 [Lisbon Time Zone – UTC] | via Zoom [session to be held in English]

Convidada / Invited speaker:
Agnese Tambaka [Doctoral student, Art Academy of Latvia]

Agnese Tambaka (born 1990) is an art historian. In 2018 she received a Master’s degree in humanities in the fields of visual plastic art, history and theory of art. Her scientific research was dedicated to the theme Christian Iconography in Dutch Tile Decor on the Territory of Latvia in the 18th-19th Centuries. She published Certain Evidences of the 17th-19th Century Dutch Tiles in Riga in the journal Ancient Riga: Researches of the City’s Archaeology and History (2018). At the moment, she is a doctoral student at the Art Academy of Latvia and currently works on the theme Wall and Floor Tile Decorations in the Architecture of Riga at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries, and in the Beginning of the 20th Century, supervised by Silvija Grosa.

THE INFLUENCE OF GERMAN ARCHITECTURE IN LATE ART NOUVEAU INTERIORS IN RĪGA

16 de Fevereiro ​​de​ ​2022 ​|​ ​18h00[hora de Lisboa – UTC] ​|​ ​​plataforma Zoom [sessão em inglês]

[​ ​—​ ​Please​ ​scroll​ ​down​ ​for​ ​English​ ​version​ ​—​ ​]

A cidade de Riga detém um impressionante conjunto de revestimentos azulejares Arte Nova, que remontam aos anos de 1910-1913, quando o crescimento construtivo da capital letã atingiu valores muito elevados. Maioritariamente aplicados nos vestíbulos dos prédios de rendimento, e, ao que tudo indica, importados da Alemanha, estes azulejos nunca foram devidamente valorizados, inventariados ou estudados. É precisamente este o desafio abraçado por Agnese Tambaka, doutoranda da Academia de Arte da Letónia, que no AzLab#73 apresentará alguns dos resultados que já alcançou até agora. Não perca esta oportunidade de ficar a conhecer a azulejaria letã!

⚠️ Alerta spoiler: se quiserem ficar ainda com mais vontade de assistir, espreitem algumas das imagens publicadas por @artnouveau_tiles_riga no Instagram 😉

📩 Inscrições através do Google forms ou por e-mail (redeazulejo@letras.ulisboa.pt).
Uma vez agendada a sessão, cada participante receberá o link e uma password.

Convidado:
Agnese Tambaka [Doctoral student, Art Academy of Latvia]

📌 NOTA: a sessão será gravada e parcialmente disponibilizada no canal YouTube da Rede de Investigação em Azulejo.


📷 Margarita Fedina

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February 16th, 2022 | 18h00 [Lisbon Time Zone – UTC] | via Zoom [session to be held in English]

The city of Riga harbours an impressive set of Art Nouveau tile decorations, dating back to 1910–1913, a time when the building industry was booming in the Latvian capital. These tiles, applied mainly in the vestibules of rental buildings, and thought to have been imported from Germany, were never properly valued, catalogued or studied. That is precisely the challenge embraced by Agnese Tambaka, a PhD candidate at the Art Academy of Latvia, who will be presenting some of her findings at AzLab#73. Don’t miss this opportunity to get to know Latvia’s tile decorations!

⚠️ Spoiler alert: as a further incentive to join our next session, check out some of the images posted by @artnouveau_tiles_riga on Instagram 😉

📩 Registration via Google forms or by e-mail (redeazulejo@letras.ulisboa.pt).
Once the session is scheduled, each participant will receive the link and a password.

Invited speaker:
Agnese Tambaka [Doctoral student, Art Academy of Latvia]

📌 NOTE: This session will be recorded and partially made available on the YouTube channel of the Azulejo Research Network.


📷 Margarita Fedina

AZULEJARIA ARTE NOVA EM PORTUGAL, ESTYLO DA MODA?


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Resumo

A apresentação de Maria Helena Souto teve como fio condutor o relato do arquitecto Adães Bermudes sobre a sua participação no Congresso Internacional de Arquitectos, ocorrido em Madrid no ano de 1904, no qual se referia à Arte Nova como “estylo da moda”.

A nossa convidada começou por contextualizar o início do movimento Arte Nova em termos internacionais, referindo a obra de autores como Henry van de Velde, Victor Horta ou Hector Guimard. De modo a distinguir a Arte Nova do “estylo da moda”, destacou  a importância da associação dos conceitos de estrutura, decoração e função para este movimento.

De seguida, e passando para o panorama nacional, chamou a atenção para a participação de Portugal na Exposição Internacional de Paris, de 1889, na qual Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro teve um papel fundamental ao ser responsável pela decoração do interior do pavilhão português. Terá sido também no contexto deste evento que Bordalo Pinheiro contactou com o movimento Arte Nova, nomeadamente com as peças em vidro de Émile Gallé, que viriam a influenciar a sua obra cerâmica e, em particular, o azulejo.

As duas vias de abordagem à azulejaria Arte Nova dos arquitectos Miguel Ventura Terra e Raul Lino foram também mencionadas. Enquanto Ventura Terra escolhia os azulejos para as suas obras directamente na fábrica – no que foi designado como “via industrial”–, Raul Lino privilegiou uma abordagem ao azulejo enquanto elemento da obra de arte total, desenhando ele próprio os revestimentos para os edifícios que projectava, a par de outros elementos como o mobiliário – sendo este entendimento designado como “via erudita”. Se o primeiro nunca fez azulejos e privilegiava a fábrica, dando espaço aos operários especializados que aí trabalhavam  e “pondo na moda” os azulejos dos catálogos, o segundo envolveu-se directamente na concepção da azulejaria. Aliás, a importância das fábricas foi também abordada, mostrando como as mesmas divulgaram este movimento através dos seus catálogos, com particular destaque para as fábricas das Devesas, Fonte Nova ou de Louça de Sacavém; e ainda como “anónimos extraordinários” criaram azulejos Arte Nova em série, alterando, por exemplo, a paleta cromática e assim adaptando a produção ao gosto e necessidades dos clientes.

De seguida Maria Helena Souto abordou as obras de outros arquitectos portugueses que recorreram a revestimentos Arte Nova como Álvaro Machado, Rosendo Carvalheira e o próprio Adães Bermudes. Neste contexto, a investigadora referiu-se ao eclectismo das propostas azulejares, que se caracterizavam por um certo afastamento dos princípios Arte Nova para se tornarem no “estylo da moda”, resultantes da articulação de diferentes vocabulários decorativos. Destacou e analisou, referindo diversos exemplos, a obra do pintor de azulejos José António Jorge Pinto, mas também de vários outros activos na época.

A sessão terminou com diversos exemplos de revestimentos Arte Nova associados ao pequeno comércio, numa situação que parece ter sido característica de Portugal, uma vez que lá fora este movimento está mais próximo da burguesia intelectual.

O debate, que desta vez, e graças à energia contagiante da oradora, aconteceu de pé, foi muito participado, tendo havido ainda espaço para alguma problematização de conceitos e influências da Arte Nova em Portugal.

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ART NOUVEAU AZULEJOS IN PORTUGAL, FASHION STYLE?


Session overview

Maria Helena Souto’s presentation was guided by the story of the architect Adães Bermudes about his participation in the International Congress of Architects, held in Madrid in 1904, which referred to Art Nouveau as a “fashion style”.

Our guest began by contextualizing the beginning of the international Art Nouveau movement, referring to the work of authors such as Henry van de Velde, Victor Horta or Hector Guimard. In order to distinguish Art Nouveau from the “fashion style”, she highlighted the importance of the concepts of structure, decoration, and function.

From then on, and focusing on the national panorama Helena Souto drew attention to Portugal’s participation in the 1889 Paris International Exhibition, in which Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro played a fundamental role in decorating the interior of the Portuguese pavilion. Also, it might have been in this context that Bordalo Pinheiro was in touch with the Art Nouveau movement, namely with the glass pieces of Émile Gallé, which would influence his ceramic work and, in particular, the azulejo (tile).

The two approaches to the Art Nouveau tiles by the architects Miguel Ventura Terra and Raul Lino were also mentioned. While Ventura Terra chose the tiles for his works directly in the factory – the “industrial way” – Raul Lino privileged an approach to the tile as an element of the total work of art (Gesamtkunstwerk), drawing himself the coverings for the buildings he projected, along with other elements such as furniture – the “erudite way”. If the former never made tiles and privileged the factory, giving space to its specialized workers and “putting in fashion” the catalogues tiles, the second was involved directly in the design of the tiles. In fact, the importance of the factories was also discussed, showing how they disseminated this movement through its catalogues, with particular emphasis on the factories of Devesas, Fonte Nova or of Louça de Sacavém; and also as “extraordinary anonymous” created Art Nouveau tiles in series, changing, for example, the chromatic palette and thus adapting the production to the taste and needs of the customers.

Afterwards, Maria Helena Souto approached the works of other Portuguese architects who used Art Nouveau tile coverings such as Álvaro Machado, Rosendo Carvalheira and Adães Bermudes. In this context, the researcher referred to the eclecticism of the tile proposals, which were characterized by a departure from the Art Nouveau principles to become the “fashion style”, resulting from the articulation of different decorative vocabularies. She highlighted and analysed, referring several examples, the work of the tile painter José António Jorge Pinto, but also of others active at the time.

The session ended with several examples of Art Nouveau coverings associated with small commerce, in a situation that seems to have been characteristic to Portugal, since internationally this movement is closer to the intellectual bourgeoisie.

The debate, which this time was standing up, thanks to the contagious energy of the speaker, was very participated, and there was still room for some problematization of concepts and influences of the Art Nouveau in Portugal.

AZULEJARIA ARTE NOVA EM PORTUGAL, ESTYLO DA MODA?

20 de Março ​​de​ ​2019​ ​|​ ​18h00​ ​|​ ​Faculdade​ ​de​ ​Letras​ ​da​ ​Universidade​ ​de​ ​Lisboa​ ​|​ ​sala​ ​5.2

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Resumo

Através do relato elaborado pelo arquitecto Adães Bermudes aquando da participação portuguesa no VI Congresso Internacional dos Arquitectos, ocorrido em Madrid, em Maio de 1904, e publicado no 1º número do Anuário da Sociedade dos Arquitectos Portugueses (1905), sabe-se que o primeiro tema em análise abordou a “Arte nova, modern’ style, – «estylo da moda», assim (…) classificada no congresso a fórmula em voga” (p. 75).

A Arte Nova entrou no nosso país com alguma décalage em relação aos principais centros do movimento, mas se a designação escolhida revela a influência francesa, é erróneo considerar a Arte Nova em Portugal como mera cópia de criações Art Nouveau. O movimento surgiu no panorama nacional como intromissão no programa de renovação do nosso artesanato e das artes decorativas na viragem dos séculos XIX para XX, programa marcado pela defesa de uma coerência nacional. Apoiado em estudos das nossas tradições artesanais, levaram-no a cabo criadores como Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro ou Raul Lino, a quem simultaneamente, devemos um primeiro momento de renovação da nossa azulejaria entre centúrias (passando para a segunda década de Novecentos com Raul Lino), obtida pela inspiração no moderno estilo, mas com epicentros diferentes: parisiense em Bordalo; em harmonia com os seus projectos arquitectónicos em Lino, através de padrões que reflectem uma depuração geométrica próxima das correntes escocesas do Modern Style ou da Secessão vienense.

Contudo, a Arte Nova seria em muitos casos entendida em Portugal como (mais) uma gramática decorativa, subtraindo-lhe o carácter inovador do trinómio complementar estrutura-decoração-funcionalidade, elementos de um todo submetido a exigências formais de uma beleza racional com aspirações a arte industrial, o que confere objectiva razão às palavras de Adães Bermudes: “quantos pseudo-artistas, sedentos da popularidade, julgam que fazem arte nova misturando os estilos mais heterogéneos; (…), ou torturando e contorcionando as linhas e as formas, como se fossem reflectidas pelos espelhos côncavos ou convexos que fazem a alegria das feiras”.

Maria Helena Souto | IADE – Universidade Europeia |

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ART NOUVEAU AZULEJOS IN PORTUGAL, FASHION STYLE?


March 20th,
2019 | 18h00 | School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon | room 5.2

Abstract

Through the report prepared by the architect Adães Bermudes during the Portuguese participation in the VI International Congress of Architects, held in Madrid in May 1904, and published in the 1st number of the Anuário da Sociedade dos Arquitectos Portugueses (1905), it is known that the first theme under analysis dealt with the “Art Nouveau, modern ‘style, – «fashion style», thus (…) classified in the congress the formula in vogue” (p. 75).

Art Nouveau entered our country with some decalage in relation to the movement’s main centers, but if the chosen designation reveals the French influence, it is erroneous to consider Art Nouveau in Portugal as a mere copy of Art Nouveau creations. The movement emerged on the national scene as an intrusion into the renovation program of our handicrafts and decorative arts at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, a program marked by the defense of national coherence. Supported on studies of our traditional traditions, designers such as Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro or Raul Lino started this movement, to who at the same time, we owe a first moment of renewal of our tiles between centuries (passing to the second decade of the 19th century with Raul Lino), obtained by the inspiration in the modern style, but with different epicenters: Parisian in Bordalo; in harmony with his architectural projects in Lino, by means of patterns that reflect a geometric clearance close to the Scottish currents of the Modern Style or the Viennese Secession.

However, Art Nouveau would in many cases be understood in Portugal as (more) a decorative grammar, subtracting from it the innovative character of the complementary trinomial structure-decoration-functionality, elements of a whole submitted to formal requirements of rational beauty with aspirations to industrial art, which confers objective reason to the words of Adães Bermudes: “how many pseudo-artists, thirsting for popularity, think they make art nouveau by mixing the most heterogeneous styles; (…), or torturing and contorting the lines and forms, as if they were reflected by the concave or convex mirrors that make the fairs joyful” [free translation].

Maria Helena Souto | IADE – Universidade Europeia |